Quinoline

　　Main Uses

　　1. Pharmaceutical Field

　　Antimalarial Drugs:

　　Quinine: A natural quinoline derivative extracted from cinchona bark, which works by inhibiting the DNA synthesis of the malaria parasite; it is a classic drug for the treatment of falciparum malaria.

　　Bedaquiline: A diarylquinoline drug that treats multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) by inhibiting the Mycobacterium tuberculosis ATP synthase; Hisun Pharmaceutical API was approved for market in 2025, and clinical guidelines recommend its use in combination with linezolid, moxifloxacin, etc.

　　Immunomodulators: Imiquimod cream is used to treat genital warts and basal cell carcinoma of the skin, working by inducing interferon (INF-α) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α).

　　Anticancer Research: Chloroiodoquinine, nitroxoline, etc., induce apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells by inhibiting histone deacetylase (HDAC), demonstrating potential antitumor activity.

　　2. Dyes and Photothermal Materials

　　Cyanine Dyes: Quinoline derivatives (such as heptamethine cyanine dyes) possess high molar extinction coefficients and near-infrared absorption properties, and are used in photoacoustic imaging, photothermal therapy, and solar cells.

　　Fluorescent Probes: 8-Hydroxyquinoline derivatives achieve high-sensitivity detection of heavy metal ions such as Fe3⁺ and Cu2⁺ through the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism, with detection limits reaching the pmol/L level.

　　3. Industry and Agriculture

　　Rubber Antioxidants: Quinoline derivatives (such as Poly (1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline)) serve as antioxidants (Antioxidant RD), improving the heat resistance and anti-aging properties of rubber, and are widely used in products such as tires and conveyor belts.

　　Agricultural Fungicides:

　　Copper Quinolate: A non-systemic fungicide that destroys the protein structure of pathogens via copper ions, used for controlling citrus canker, rice blast, etc.

　　ZJ5337: A novel quinoline fungicide with an efficacy of over 80% against rice blast and cucumber powdery mildew, and a duration of efficacy of about 15 days.