Principle of Nano Titanium Dioxide Catalysis

Nano titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is a common photocatalyst. Due to its high photocatalytic activity, excellent stability, non-toxicity, and low cost, it is widely used in wastewater treatment, antibacterial applications, and plastic antibacterial deodorization.

In wastewater treatment, nano titanium dioxide can decompose and degrade complex organic compounds, converting harmful substances such as preservatives, herbicides, and detergents into non-toxic small molecular products like CO₂, H₂O, and HCl.
In antibacterial applications, nano titanium dioxide can inhibit and kill cancer cells, fungi, algae, viruses, and bacteria. The principle is that during the catalytic process, nano titanium dioxide absorbs ultraviolet light, exciting electrons from the valence band to the conduction band, while generating holes in the valence band, forming electron-hole pairs. These electrons and holes separate under the influence of an electric field and migrate to the surface of the titanium dioxide. On the surface, the electrons exhibit reducing properties, and the holes exhibit oxidizing properties. They react with adsorbed oxygen molecules, water molecules, and hydroxyl groups to produce highly oxidizing hydroxyl radicals (·OH). Hydroxyl radicals can undergo redox reactions with organic matter, decomposing them into harmless carbon dioxide and water.

Additionally, nano titanium dioxide is widely used in plastic antibacterial deodorization. For example, plastic products such as kitchenware and food packaging bags are prone to bacterial growth, and nano titanium dioxide can provide antibacterial and disinfecting effects.

Overall, nano titanium dioxide is a highly promising photocatalytic material. It not only offers strong oxidizing ability, no secondary pollution, and high catalytic activity but is also biodegradable and capable of complete degradation.

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