Anaerobic Reactor
I. Overview
The anaerobic reactor is a highly efficient multi-stage internal circulation reactor, representing the third generation of anaerobic reactors (UASB represents the second generation). Compared to second-generation anaerobic reactors, it features less land occupation, higher volumetric loading, uniform water distribution, strong impact resistance, more stable performance, and simpler operation and management. When treating high-concentration organic wastewater with COD of 10,000–15,000 mg/L, the second-generation UASB reactor typically has a volumetric loading rate of 5–8 kgCOD/m3·d, while the third-generation anaerobic reactor can achieve a volumetric loading rate of 10–18 kgCOD/m3·d. Compared to second-generation anaerobic tanks, it offers the following advantages:
1 High Volumetric Loading Rate
Due to its powerful internal circulation, effective mass transfer, and large biomass, the anaerobic reactor has a much higher volumetric loading rate than ordinary UASB reactors—typically about three times higher. When treating high-concentration organic wastewater with COD of 10,000–15,000 mg/L, the volumetric loading rate can reach 10–18 kgCOD/m3·d.
2 Saves Construction Costs and Land Area
The reactor has a volumetric loading rate about three times higher than that of ordinary UASB reactors, occupying only about 1/4 to 1/3 of the land area of ordinary UASB reactors, thereby reducing construction costs. The reactor is not only compact but also has a high height-to-diameter ratio, making it particularly land-efficient and highly suitable for new or expansion projects in factories with limited space.
3 Strong Impact Load Resistance
The reactor achieves internal circulation, with a circulation volume up to 10–20 times the inflow. Since the circulating water mixes thoroughly with the inflow at the bottom of the reactor, the organic concentration at the bottom is reduced, enhancing the reactor's ability to withstand impact loads. Additionally, the large water volume ensures even dispersion of bottom sludge, facilitating full contact and reaction between organic matter and microorganisms, thereby increasing the treatment load.
4 Stable Effluent Quality
The reactor operates like two UASB or EGSB reactors in series. The lower reactor has a high organic loading rate, serving as the "coarse" treatment stage, while the upper reactor has a lower loading rate, acting as the "fine" treatment stage, resulting in good and stable effluent quality.
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