Detergent Pure Water Equipment

Our company specializes in the production of reverse osmosis pure water equipment and is a professional manufacturer of pure water equipment. Reverse osmosis pure water equipment is one of our flagship products. Below is an introduction to the core component of pure water equipment—RO reverse osmosis.
I. Introduction to Osmosis and Reverse Osmosis
RO equipment is currently one of the most advanced water treatment systems in the world for producing pure water. It features low operating costs, economic efficiency, ease of operation, and reliable performance, making it the preferred choice for businesses. The production capacity of the equipment is based on raw water at 25°C under standard production conditions. Changes in water temperature and production conditions will affect the equipment's production capacity.
When pure water and a solution containing a solute are separated by a semi-permeable membrane that only allows water to pass through, water from the pure water side spontaneously permeates through the membrane to the solution side, causing the solution's water level to rise. This phenomenon is called osmosis. When the liquid level rises to a certain height, the pressure on both sides of the membrane reaches equilibrium, and the solution side's liquid level stops rising. At this point, there is a pressure difference between the two sides of the membrane, known as osmotic pressure. If a pressure greater than the osmotic pressure is applied to the solution side, water molecules from the solution are forced to the pure water side. This process is the opposite of osmosis and is called reverse osmosis. From the reverse osmosis process, it can be observed that, due to pressure, water molecules from the solution enter the pure water, increasing the pure water volume while concentrating the solution itself. The reverse osmosis membrane used in this equipment is a semi-permeable spiral-wound membrane. When raw water is delivered to the reverse osmosis membrane under pressure, water passes through the tiny pores of the membrane and is collected as pure water, while impurities such as soluble solids, organic matter, colloidal substances, and bacteria are retained by the membrane, concentrated in the reject stream, and removed. Single-stage reverse osmosis can remove over 97% of dissolved solids from raw water, while dual-stage equipment can remove over 99% of dissolved solids, over 99% of organic matter and colloids, and effectively eliminate bacteria. This series of dual-stage RO equipment uses the pure water from the first stage as the raw water for the second stage, enabling the production of higher-quality pure water suitable for high-purity water production needs and applications with high raw water conductivity.
II. Equipment Overview
1. Process Flow
Suitable for various reverse osmosis process flows.
2. Main Unit Configuration
Component Functions and Precautions
Security Filter: The security filter is the final protection for raw water before it enters the membrane. It effectively removes particles larger than 5μm that may have leaked from pretreatment. Its main purpose is to prevent suspended particles from entering the reverse osmosis membrane elements and depositing on the membrane surface, thereby contaminating the membrane elements. During equipment operation, the security filter requires careful attention, and its maintenance should follow the relevant sections of the manual.
Inlet Solenoid Valve: Installed at the equipment's inlet to control the inflow of raw water.
High-Pressure Pump: The high-pressure pump primarily increases the pressure of the raw water to overcome osmotic pressure and provides sufficient residual pressure to produce pure water. The high-pressure pump is one of the key components of RO equipment, and its performance significantly impacts the overall system performance. The raw water pump and high-pressure pump should not run dry during operation; they should not operate under long-term overload conditions; the high-pressure pump should not experience inlet water pressure below the minimum limit pressure. Care should be taken to ensure the high-pressure pump does not operate under憋压 conditions. During routine operation management, regular venting of the high-pressure pump is essential, and the power lines and junction boxes should be kept dry.
Reverse Osmosis Membrane Housing: Used to house the reverse osmosis membrane elements, withstand pressure, and create a high-pressure environment for reverse osmosis operations. The membrane housing employs end-sealing. During installation, ensure the sealing rings are not damaged and provide effective sealing. Applying Vaseline to the rubber sealing rings can facilitate installation and sealing. During RO pressure testing, observe the sealing condition at the ends of the membrane housing.
Reverse Osmosis Membrane: The RO membrane is a critical component of the RO equipment. The first stage uses 3 imported 4040 reverse osmosis membranes, and the second stage uses 2 imported 4040 reverse osmosis membranes.
Flow Meters: Pure water flow meters and concentrate flow meters measure the flow rates of RO concentrate and pure water, respectively.
Pressure Gauges: Measure water pressure at various points in the reverse osmosis equipment.
Flush Solenoid Valve: Used for low-pressure, high-flow flushing of the RO membrane surface to remove contaminants caused by concentration polarization, membrane surface adsorption, and deposition, restoring water flux and extending membrane life. The automatic flushing process is controlled by the RO equipment's automation system.
Concentrate Control Valve: Used to adjust the operating pressure of the RO equipment, the ratio of pure water to concentrate, and the pure water output. Note that at any time during the operation of the high-pressure pump, the concentrate control valve must not be closed to prevent damage to the membrane and pump from exceeding pressure limits.
Conductivity Meter: Primarily monitors the conductivity of the reverse osmosis product water.
High/Low Pressure Protection: Prevents the RO high-pressure pump from running dry or operating under极限 high/low pressure conditions.
Liquid Level Control: Automatically stops or starts the reverse osmosis equipment based on the liquid levels in the raw water tank and pure water tank.
Electrical Control Cabinet: Contains instruments such as conductivity meters and control devices, serving as the control center for the reverse osmosis equipment.
3. Inlet Parameter Requirements
RO equipment has specific requirements for inlet water and operating parameters. Changes in inlet conditions and工况 will alter the equipment's production capacity. Inlet water and conditions that do not meet requirements may lead to contamination and damage of the membrane components. If the equipment operates under non-standard production conditions resulting in performance impairment, the equipment is not covered under warranty.
Feed Water Temperature: 20-28°C
First-Stage Recovery Rate: 75%
Second-Stage Recovery Rate: 85%
pH Range: 6-7
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): ≤1000 mg/l
Residual Chlorine: ≤0.1 mg/l
SDI: ≤4
COD: ≤4 mg/l
III. Reverse Osmosis Operating Principle
Overview of Reverse Osmosis:
Reverse osmosis is a membrane separation technology developed in the 1960s, relying on pressure to separate solvent from solute.
To understand the principle of reverse osmosis desalination, one must first understand the concept of "osmosis." Osmosis is a physical phenomenon where two waters with different salt concentrations, separated by a semi-permeable membrane, will see water from the side with lower salt content permeate through the membrane to the side with higher salt content, while the salt does not permeate. This continues until the salt concentrations on both sides equalize. However, if pressure is applied to the side with higher salt content, the osmosis can be halted. This pressure is called osmotic pressure. If the pressure is increased further, water can be forced to permeate in the opposite direction, leaving the salt behind. Therefore, the principle of reverse osmosis desalination involves applying pressure greater than the natural osmotic pressure to water containing salt (e.g., raw water), forcing osmosis in the reverse direction. Water molecules from the raw water are pressed to the other side of the membrane, becoming clean water, thereby achieving the purpose of removing salt from water. This is the principle of reverse osmosis desalination.

Schematic of Reverse Osmosis Desalination Principle
As a successful reverse osmosis water treatment system, in addition to meeting the user's basic requirements for water quality and quantity, it should also possess the fundamental performance of long-term stable operation. The reverse osmosis water production system designed by our company has the following characteristics:
Utilizes two sets of RO units for water production, offering strong operability and high reliability.
By employing internationally advanced filtration systems as pretreatment for the reverse osmosis system, followed by a 3-micron security filter, the污染指数 (SDI) of the inlet water is significantly improved and ensured, avoiding changes in outlet water quality and quantity due to variations in inlet water quality types, temperature changes, and resulting fluctuations in inlet water quality.
High level of system integration with a small footprint.
Reverse osmosis membrane elements use low-pressure reverse osmosis membranes from the world-renowned manufacturer, Hydranautics (USA), known for stable performance, high flux, high salt rejection, and low operating pressure, which helps reduce operating costs.
Key components are products from world-renowned enterprises, ensuring high reliability.
Equipped with anti-"water hammer" devices to prevent damage to reverse osmosis membrane components in the system caused by "water hammer" during frequent starts or调试 processes.
Fully automated control system with periodic recording and printing of operating parameters, easy operation, and reduced need for operators, saving labor costs.
The system includes an independent完整性 chemical cleaning (CIP) system and a膜 non-fault shutdown协同 protection system,最大限度地 protecting the membranes from microbial contamination and extending membrane life.
The type and point of addition for chemicals in the reverse osmosis unit's feed water, as well as the selection of chemical cleaning solutions, are determined based on the feed water quality and the characteristics of the selected reverse osmosis membrane components.
Chemical cleaning interfaces and valves are provided on the inlet and outlet pipes for each stage of the reverse osmosis unit's feed water and concentrate, fixedly connected to the cleaning system for convenient chemical cleaning operations.
The reverse osmosis system design includes measures to eliminate static pressure on the product water side during shutdown. A check valve is installed at the reverse osmosis product water outlet to prevent reverse pressure from damaging the reverse osmosis membrane components.

Flow control valves are installed on the first-stage feed water and concentrate discharge pipes of the reverse osmosis system. By adjusting the opening of these two valves, the unit's water production and recovery rate are controlled.

The startup, operation, chemical addition, shutdown flushing, and standby processes of the reverse osmosis system can all be automatically controlled by PLC. Additionally, the system is equipped with local instrument panels and local operation panels, where relevant process parameters can be read, and related pumps and automatic valves can be operated. Important parameters such as pressure, flow, conductivity, and pH are monitored online with instruments and have超限 alarm functions.

The reverse osmosis system includes programmed automatic flushing measures. After system shutdown, the flushing water pump automatically starts, and electric flush valves and electric drain valves open to perform low-pressure surface flushing of the membrane elements, washing away the concentrate inside to prevent scaling on the reverse osmosis membrane surface during shutdown. The flushing water uses the product water from reverse osmosis, which also helps dissolve and remove contaminants from the membrane surface.

Sampling points are provided on the product water pipe and the feed water and concentrate pipes of each stage of the reverse osmosis unit. The number and location of these sampling points allow effective diagnosis and identification of system defects.

Reverse osmosis membrane elements are installed on skids, which include all piping and connections, as well as all supports, fasteners, clamps, and other accessories.

The design of the reverse osmosis skid meets the seismic requirements of the installation location. The pressure vessels, membrane elements, piping, valves, instruments, and accessories of the reverse osmosis unit are assembled on a single skid, resulting in a small footprint and compact structure. The skid and piping design meet local seismic requirements, load-bearing requirements, and pressure vessel expansion requirements (pressure vessels can expand up to 13mm under pressure and temperature changes; Victoria pipe clamps are installed at both ends of the vessels to mitigate the effects of expansion).

The performance, configuration points, and quantity of instruments and meters配备 in the reverse osmosis system will meet the needs for safe, stable, and reliable operation of the system.