Amitraz

    [Common Name] Amitraz [English Name] Amitraz [Vernacular Names] Such as Shuangchongmi, Chongmanmi, Manke, etc. [Chemical Name] N-methylbis(2,4-xylyliminomethyl)amine; or: 1,5-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)3-methyl-1,3,5-triazapenta-1,4-diene [Structural Formula]  [Molecular Formula] C19H23N3 [Molecular Weight] 293.41 [Category] Antiparasitic drug, Insecticide [Properties and Physicochemical Characteristics] The technical product is an odorless white to yellow solid, odorless, easily soluble in acetone, insoluble in water, slowly decomposes in ethanol. It is relatively stable in neutral solutions, unstable in strong acids or strong alkalis, and decomposes when stored under humid conditions. Not flammable, not explosive. Density 0.3, melting point 86-87°C. Vapor pressure 506.6×10^-7 Pa (3.8×10^-7 mmHg, 20°C). [Toxicity] Low toxicity. Rat (oral) LD50 male 545 mg/kg (technical product), female 460 mg/kg (technical product); (subcutaneous) LD50 >2000 mg/kg (solution). No teratogenic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic effects found. [Amitraz Poisoning and Rescue Methods] Amitraz is an organic nitrogen drug, commonly used to prevent and treat external parasites in livestock and poultry. Due to its color resembling general syrup products and improper storage, it is often mistakenly ingested. After ingestion, certain poisoning symptoms appear. Poisoning symptoms:     (1) Accidental ingestion poisoning: Manifested as listlessness, slow response, weakness in limbs, muscle relaxation; skin turns purple, especially noticeable on lips, ear lobes, and fingertips; shallow and short breathing. One hour after the drug enters the body, confusion, drop in blood pressure, frequent urination, urgency, pain, and hematuria may occur. Some patients experience excessive sweating and low blood pressure; severe poisoning may lead to coma.     (2) Poisoning through skin contact: The contacted skin areas on hands and feet feel burning pain, followed by headache, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, frequent urination, painful urination, hematuria, etc. First aid methods:     (1) Immediately leave the scene and remove the toxic substance. In case of skin contamination, wash thoroughly with water or soapy water. For poisoning caused by accidental ingestion, induce vomiting, perform gastric lavage, and bowel cleansing immediately.     (2) Administer antidote: For cyanosis in poisoned patients, in general cases, use 40-60 ml of 5% glucose injection with 1-2 g of vitamin C intravenously; for more severe cases, use 1% methylene blue at 1-2 mg/kg body weight added to 50% glucose solution for slow intravenous injection. Adults generally receive 40-60 mg per intravenous injection, repeat if necessary.     (3) Fluid infusion: Under good physical condition, administer large amounts of glucose solution; use diuretics if necessary to promote excretion of the toxin.     (4) Symptomatic treatment: For chemical cystitis, administer large amounts of fluids and take sodium bicarbonate to alkalize urine; for more severe cases, add hormones; for obvious hematuria, give hemostatic drugs such as adrenochrome and vitamin K; administer antibiotics if necessary to prevent infection. For patients with impaired consciousness, administer drugs that protect brain cells and promote awakening, such as antiradon and meclofenoxate; for myocardial and liver damage, administer drugs that protect the heart or liver. [Pharmacology] Amitraz is a contact broad-spectrum insecticide with stomach poison and systemic effects, effective against various mites, ticks, flies, lice, etc. Its insecticidal action may be related to interference with nervous system function, increasing excitability in insects, causing partial dysfunction of mouthparts, leading to inability to fully withdraw from animal skin or withdrawal and falling off, while also affecting insect egg-laying function and egg development ability. [Uses] Mainly used to prevent and treat external parasitic diseases in cattle, sheep, pigs, rabbits, such as scabies mites, itch mites, bee mites, ticks, lice, etc. It is a low-toxicity acaricide with a broad acaricidal spectrum and multiple mechanisms of toxicity. Effective against mites resistant to other acaricides. Suitable for crops like citrus and cotton. Safe for humans and livestock, relatively harmless to bees. [Usage and Dosage] Dip or spray. Tests show that 250-500 mg/L has significant驱杀效果. Amitraz acts slowly; generally, it takes 24 hours after application to disintegrate lice, ticks, etc., and 48 hours for the affected mite skin to loosen and fall off on its own. Unlike pyrethroids that quickly knock down insects (which may recover), it completely kills them. It has a long residual effect; one application can maintain efficacy for 6-8 weeks, protecting livestock from further external parasite attacks. [Precautions] Highly toxic to fish; horses are more sensitive; poultry may show toxic reactions at high concentrations; although safe and non-toxic to bees, it should be prohibited when eliminating bee mites due to residual drugs in honey. To enhance the stability of amitraz, it is best to add quicklime (containing over 80% calcium hydroxide) to the dip or spray solution to a concentration of 0.5%. Withdrawal period for cattle, sheep, pigs, etc., is 1 day for meat to be marketed; no withdrawal period for milk. [Dosage Forms] 20% Amitraz Emulsifiable Concentrate, 12.5% Amitraz Emulsifiable Concentrate [Storage] Store away from light, tightly closed.