Silane coupling agent KH-560

Silane coupling agent KH-560 (chemical name: 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane) is an organosilicon compound with epoxy functional groups, widely used in the field of material interface modification. Its molecular structure contains epoxy groups and hydrolyzable methoxy groups, effectively bridging inorganic materials and organic polymers, enhancing the mechanical properties, weather resistance, and chemical stability of composite materials.

I. Chemical Properties and Physicochemical Indicators
Chemical formula: C₉H₂₀O₅Si
Structural formula: CH₂-CH(O)CH₂-O-(CH₂)₃-Si(OCH₃)₃
Appearance: Colorless transparent liquid with a slight pine-like odor
Density: 1.055～1.075 g/cm³
Boiling point: 290°C
Solubility: Soluble in alcohols, ketones, and aromatic solvents; slightly soluble in water (requires acidic conditions for hydrolysis).
II. Core Mechanism of Action
Hydrolysis reaction: Methoxy groups (-OCH₃) hydrolyze in acidic aqueous solutions to form silanol groups (-Si-OH), which condense with hydroxyl groups on the surface of inorganic materials (e.g., glass, metal oxides) to form stable chemical bonds.
Epoxy group reaction: Epoxy groups (-CH₂-CH(O)-) undergo ring-opening under heat, acid, or base catalysis, reacting with functional groups such as amino or hydroxyl groups in organic polymers (e.g., epoxy resins, polyurethanes) to enhance interfacial bonding.
III. Main Application Areas
1. Composite Material Reinforcement
Glass fiber reinforced plastics: Improve the interfacial bonding strength between fibers and resin matrices (e.g., epoxy, polyester), significantly enhancing tensile, flexural, and impact strength.
Nanocomposites: Improve the dispersion of nanoparticles such as silica in epoxy resins, enhancing mechanical properties and thermal stability.
2. Coatings and Adhesives
Adhesion promotion: Used for pretreatment of coatings on metal, ceramic, and plastic substrates to improve coating adhesion, boiling water resistance, and salt spray resistance.
Adhesive modification: Enhance the bonding durability of adhesives such as epoxy and polyurethane to glass and metals, particularly suitable for difficult-to-bond materials.
3. Plastic and Rubber Modification
Filler surface treatment: Treat fillers such as talc, mica, and aluminum hydroxide to improve their dispersion and mechanical properties in engineering plastics like nylon and PBT.
Rubber filling: Improve the dielectric properties of clay-filled EPDM rubber and reduce the loss factor.
4. Casting and Sealing Materials
Resin sand casting: Reduce the amount of phenolic resin, improve sand mold strength, and reduce gas generation.
Sealants and potting compounds: Used in epoxy electronic encapsulants to enhance wet electrical performance and aging resistance.
5. Innovative Applications
Biomaterials: Used for surface modification of medical devices to introduce antibacterial groups or improve biocompatibility.
Smart materials: Participate in the design of self-healing materials, achieving functionalization through reactions of epoxy groups with polymers.
IV. Usage Precautions
Hydrolysis conditions: Hydrolysis should be carried out in an acidic aqueous solution with pH≈4 to avoid self-polymerization failure; it is recommended to use within 24 hours.
Material limitations: Ineffective for fillers without hydroxyl groups, such as calcium carbonate and graphite; suitable for materials like glass and metal oxides.
Optimization of dosage: Typically added at 0.5%～2%; excessive amounts may cause side reactions.