Ferric nitrate

Iron(III) nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Fe(NO₃)₃, commonly found in its hydrated form as Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O. The following is detailed information about iron(III) nitrate:

Basic Properties

1. Appearance:  

   - Anhydrous iron(III) nitrate is a white or pale yellow crystalline solid.  

   - The nonahydrate (Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O) is a pale purple or colorless crystal that is highly deliquescent.  

2. Solubility:  

   - It is highly soluble in water and ethanol, and its aqueous solution is acidic (due to the hydrolysis of iron ions, forming iron hydroxide and HNO₃).  

3. Stability:  

   - It decomposes easily upon heating, releasing toxic nitrogen oxide gases.  

   - The nonahydrate readily absorbs moisture and liquefies in humid air.

Chemical Properties

1. Oxidizing Property:  

   - The iron in iron(III) nitrate is in the +3 oxidation state, giving it certain oxidizing properties, and it can react with reducing agents.  

2. Hydrolysis Reaction:  

   - The aqueous solution is acidic due to the hydrolysis of Fe³⁺:  

3. Reaction with Bases:  

   - It forms a precipitate of iron hydroxide (reddish-brown):  

 Main Uses

1. Catalyst: Used in nitration or oxidation reactions in organic synthesis.  

2. Mordant: Used as a dye fixative in the textile industry.  

3. Etching Agent: Used for metal surface treatment in the electronics industry.  

4. Analytical Reagent: Used in laboratories to detect sulfides, phosphates, etc.  

5. Other Uses: Wastewater treatment, wood preservation, etc.

Safety Precautions

1. Corrosiveness: It is irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract; protective equipment should be worn during handling.  

2. Decomposition Risk: Heating or contact with organic materials may cause decomposition.  

3. Storage: Store in a sealed container in a cool, dry place, away from reducing agents and flammable materials.