Flue gas desulfurization, denitrification, and dust removal equipment for coal-fired boilers

Coal-fired Boiler Desulfurization, Denitrification, and Dust Removal Equipment

      Coal-fired boiler desulfurization, denitrification, and dust removal equipment are core facilities in the industrial sector for controlling atmospheric pollutant emissions. The selection of technology requires a comprehensive evaluation based on boiler scale, emission standards, and economic feasibility. The following analysis covers technical principles, equipment types, application scenarios, and development trends:

     Core Equipment Types and Technical Principles

1. Desulfurization Equipment
   • Limestone-Gypsum Wet Desulfurization: Uses limestone slurry to react with SO₂ in flue gas to produce gypsum, achieving a desulfurization efficiency of over 95%. Suitable for large coal-fired power plants.
   • Ammonia-Based Desulfurization: Utilizes ammonia water to absorb SO₂ and generate ammonium sulfate, combining desulfurization with resource utilization. However, ammonia escape must be controlled.
   • Circulating Fluidized Bed Semi-Dry Desulfurization: Employs lime slurry as an absorbent to complete the desulfurization reaction in a fluidized bed. Suitable for small and medium-sized boilers.
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2. Denitrification Equipment
   • SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction): Under the action of a catalyst, NH₃ reduces NOₓ to N₂ and H₂O, achieving an efficiency of over 90%. Requires control of the temperature window (300-420°C).
   • SNCR (Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction): Involves injecting urea or ammonia water within the temperature range of 850-1100°C, achieving an efficiency of 40-60%. Suitable for retrofit projects.
   • Activated Carbon Adsorption Denitrification: Uses activated carbon to catalytically oxidize NOₓ, enabling simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification. However, the cost is relatively high.
3. Dust Removal Equipment
   • Electrostatic Precipitator: Uses a high-voltage electric field to charge and deposit dust, achieving an efficiency of over 99%. Suitable for high-concentration dust scenarios.
   • Baghouse Dust Collector: Filters fine particles using fiber filter bags, with high PM2.5 capture efficiency. However, regular maintenance of filter bags is required.
   • Wet Electrostatic Precipitator: Treats humid flue gas, further reducing PM2.5 and SO₃ emissions.