Quinoline

　　Main Uses

　　1. Pharmaceutical Field

　　Antimalarial Drugs:

　　Quinine: A natural quinoline derivative extracted from cinchona bark, it works by inhibiting the DNA synthesis of the malaria parasite and is a classic drug for the treatment of falciparum malaria.

　　Bedaquiline: A diarylquinoline drug that treats multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) by inhibiting the ATP synthase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Hisun Pharmaceutical's active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) was approved for the market in 2025, and clinical guidelines recommend its use in combination with linezolid, moxifloxacin, etc.

　　Immunomodulators: Imiquimod cream is used to treat genital warts and basal cell carcinoma of the skin, working by inducing interferon (INF-α) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α).

　　Anticancer Research: Clioquinol, nitroxoline, and others induce apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells by inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDAC), demonstrating potential antitumor activity.

　　2. Dyes and Photothermal Materials

　　Cyanine Dyes: Quinoline derivatives (such as heptamethine cyanine dyes) possess high molar extinction coefficients and near-infrared absorption properties, and are used in photoacoustic imaging, photothermal therapy, and solar cells.

　　Fluorescent Probes: 8-Hydroxyquinoline derivatives achieve high-sensitivity detection of heavy metal ions such as Fe3+ and Cu2+ through the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism, with detection limits reaching the pmol/L level.

　　3. Industry and Agriculture

　　Rubber Antioxidants: Quinoline derivatives (such as Poly(1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline)) serve as antioxidants (Antioxidant RD), improving the heat resistance and anti-aging properties of rubber, and are widely used in products such as tires and conveyor belts.

　　Agricultural Fungicides:

　　Copper Oxychloride (Copper Quinolate): A non-systemic fungicide that destroys the protein structure of pathogens through copper ions, used for the control of citrus canker, rice blast, and other diseases.

　　ZJ5337: A novel quinoline fungicide with an efficacy of over 80% against rice blast fungus and cucumber powdery mildew, and a duration of efficacy of approximately 15 days.