Livestock and Poultry House Temperature Control Machine

When installing evaporative coolers (pig farms, poultry farms), it is necessary to combine the types of livestock and poultry, the structure of the breeding house, and environmental requirements to form a complete plan from model selection, installation location planning, hardware fixation to system debugging. The following are installation guidelines and key technical points for different scenarios:
I. Evaporative Cooler Types and Farm Adaptation Selection
Type Core Components Applicable Scenarios Installation Advantages
Wet Pad Evaporative Cooler (Most Common) Fan + Porous Wet Pad + Water Pump Open Pig Houses, Broiler Houses, Finishing Houses High cooling efficiency (5-8°C), low energy consumption (only fan + water pump)
Industrial Evaporative Cooler (Air Conditioning Type) Compressor + Evaporator + Fan Closed Brooder Houses, Breeding Pig Houses Precise temperature control (±1°C), independent humidity adjustment
Spray Evaporative Cooler High-Pressure Nozzle + Fan Open-Air Breeding Areas in High-Temperature and High-Humidity Regions Fast cooling speed, requires ventilation system to prevent humidity
II. Environmental Survey and Planning Before Installation
1. Breeding House Structure Assessment
Pig Houses:
Finishing Pig Houses: Span 8-12 meters, height 3-4 meters, install evaporative coolers on both gable walls or longitudinal walls, spacing 8-10 meters (avoid cooling dead zones).
Piglet Houses: Smaller area (10-15㎡/room), prioritize small evaporative coolers, install 1.2-1.5 meters above the ground (avoid piglet activity areas).
Poultry Houses:
Broiler Houses (Closed): Length 50-100 meters, evenly arrange evaporative coolers along side walls, air outlets facing diagonally upward (avoid direct airflow on chickens).
Layer Houses (Stacked Cage Rearing): Install evaporative coolers at the top or high on side walls, with ceiling ducts for even air distribution.
2. Cooling Load Calculation (Determine Number of Units)
Formula Reference:
Cooling Load (kW) = Breeding House Volume (m³) × Air Exchange Rate (Pig Houses 15-20 times/h, Poultry Houses 20-30 times/h) × Specific Heat of Air (1.2kJ/m³·°C) × Temperature Difference (Target cooling value, e.g., 5°C).
Example: 1000㎡ pig house (height 3 meters), requires 5°C cooling, cooling load ≈1000×3×20×1.2×5÷3600≈10kW, requires 2 units of 5kW wet pad evaporative coolers.
III. Core Steps for Wet Pad Evaporative Cooler Installation (Using Pig Farms as an Example)
1. Hardware Installation Process
① Wet Pad Installation (Side Wall or Gable Wall)
Positioning Requirements:
1.8-2 meters above ground (avoid pig contact), 10cm waterproof base at the bottom of the wet pad, fixed with aluminum alloy frame around.
Seal gaps between wet pad and wall with sealant to prevent air leakage (leakage reduces cooling efficiency by 10%-20%).
Water Circuit Connection:
Water pump (head ≥3 meters) connects to the top inlet of the wet pad via PVC pipe, install Y-type filter (prevent clogging from impurities), return pipe connects to collection pool (regular water change needed to prevent algae growth).
② Fan Installation (Opposite Wall to Wet Pad)
Fixing Method:
Fan fixed to wall with angle steel brackets, rubber pads at wall connection points for vibration damping (noise ≤75dB, avoid livestock stress).
Add protective net at fan outlet (prevent foreign object ingestion), install rain cover for outdoor installation.
Airflow Matching:
Total fan airflow = Wet pad cross-sectional area (㎡) × Air velocity (2-3m/s), e.g., 10㎡ wet pad requires fan with airflow 72000-108000m³/h.
③ Electrical and Control System Installation
Electrical Requirements:
Dedicated circuit for evaporative cooler, equipped with overload protector (current ≥1.2 times rated current), wires in galvanized steel conduit (prevent ammonia corrosion in pig houses).
Install temperature sensor (1.5 meters above ground, avoid airflow), linked with controller (automatically starts/stops cooler at set temperature).
2. Special Considerations for Poultry House Evaporative Cooler Installation
Dust Prevention Design:
Add medium-efficiency filter (filtration efficiency ≥80%) at cooler inlet, clean every 2 weeks (high dust concentration in poultry houses, clogging reduces airflow by 30%).
Prevent Wet Pad Dripping:
Install drip tray at top of wet pad, collection pan at bottom (5% slope), prevent water dripping on chickens or feed (causing mold).
IV. Key Points for Industrial Evaporative Cooler (Air Conditioning Type) Installation (Closed Breeding Houses)
1. Indoor and Outdoor Unit Layout
Indoor Unit: Mounted below ceiling, outlet 2.5-3 meters above ground, avoid direct airflow on livestock, air filter at return inlet.
Outdoor Unit: Installed on shaded side of breeding house exterior, copper pipe length to indoor unit ≤15 meters (longer lengths reduce cooling efficiency), pipes wrapped with insulation (prevent condensation).
2. Condensate Handling
Drain condensate via PVC pipe to external drainage ditch, pipe slope ≥3%, prevent water accumulation and bacterial growth (poultry houses require weekly pipe flushing with bleach).
V. Post-Installation Debugging and Acceptance
1. Operation Testing
Cooling Efficiency: After 30 minutes of operation, measure temperature at various points (e.g., corners, center), temperature difference should be ≤2°C, overall cooling meets set value (summer target for pig houses 26-28°C, poultry houses 24-26°C).
Humidity Control: When wet pad cooler operates, house humidity should be ≤75% (activate dehumidification fan if exceeded), industrial cooler can control humidity to 60%-65% via dehumidification mode.
2. Safety Check
No abnormal vibration during fan operation (check bracket verticality with level ≤1°), secure electrical terminals, grounding resistance ≤4Ω (prevent electric leakage).
VI. Installation Optimization Strategies for Different Breeding Stages
Breeding Scenario Installation Adjustment Points Purpose
Nursery Piglet Houses Add deflector at cooler outlet (45° angle) Avoid direct airflow causing diarrhea in piglets
Broiler Brooding Period (1-7 days old) Synchronize cooler with heater, start heater before cooler Prevent stress from sudden temperature changes
Sow Farrowing Houses Raise cooler installation height to 2.2 meters Avoid equipment collision when sows stand up
VII. Common Installation Errors and Solutions
Error 1: Excessive distance between wet pad and fan (>15 meters) → Increased air resistance, reduced cooling effect.
Solution: Keep straight-line distance ≤10 meters, or add intermediate duct (cross-section ≥0.5㎡).
Error 2: Cooler outlet directed downward at chickens in poultry houses → Localized low temperature, causing respiratory diseases.
Solution: Add louver at outlet (15° upward angle), or install deflector below (air velocity controlled at 1.5-2m/s).
Summary
Installation of evaporative coolers in farms should focus on "efficient cooling, livestock safety, durability, and energy savings." Adjust installation details based on environmental differences between pig and poultry houses (humidity, dust, breeding density), emphasizing symmetry in equipment layout, uniformity of airflow, and completeness of protective measures. Post-installation, optimize operating parameters through实测 data, such as dynamically adjusting cooler operation time based on age (e.g., operating only during high-temperature noon hours for piglets), balancing cooling effect and energy consumption.