Livestock farm cooling machine

When installing evaporative coolers in livestock farms (pig farms, poultry farms), it is essential to develop a comprehensive plan that considers the type of livestock, the structure of the breeding facility, and environmental requirements—from selecting the appropriate model and planning the installation location to securing hardware and system debugging. Below are installation guidelines and key technical points for different scenarios: I. Evaporative Cooler Types and Their Suitability for Farms Type | Core Components | Suitable Scenarios | Installation Advantages Wet Pad Evaporative Cooler (Most Common) | Fan + Porous Wet Pad + Water Pump | Open-style pig houses, broiler houses, fattening houses | High cooling efficiency (5-8°C), low energy consumption (only fan + water pump) Industrial Cooler (AC-style) | Compressor + Evaporator + Fan | Enclosed chick houses, breeding pig houses | Precise temperature control (±1°C), independent humidity adjustment Misting Cooler | High-pressure Nozzles + Fan | Open farming areas in hot and humid regions | Rapid cooling, requires ventilation system to prevent moisture buildup II. Pre-installation Site Survey and Planning 1. Breeding Facility Structure Assessment Pig Houses: Fattening pig houses: Span 8-12 meters, height 3-4 meters; install coolers on both gable or longitudinal walls with 8-10 meter spacing (to avoid cooling dead zones). Nursery pig houses: Smaller area (10-15㎡/room); prioritize small coolers installed 1.2-1.5 meters above ground (avoiding piglet activity areas). Poultry Houses: Broiler houses (enclosed): Length 50-100 meters; evenly distribute coolers along side walls with outlets angled upward (avoid direct airflow on birds). Layer houses (stacked cage systems): Install coolers at the top or high on side walls, paired with ceiling ducts for even air distribution. 2. Cooling Load Calculation (Determining Number of Units) Reference formula: Cooling load (kW) = Facility volume (m³) × Air exchange rate (pig houses 15-20 times/h, poultry houses 20-30 times/h) × Specific heat of air (1.2kJ/m³·°C) × Temperature difference (target cooling value, e.g., 5°C). Example: For a 1000㎡ pig house (3m height) cooling by 5°C, cooling load ≈ 1000×3×20×1.2×5÷3600 ≈ 10kW; requires two 5kW wet pad coolers. III. Key Installation Steps for Wet Pad Evaporative Coolers (Using Pig Farms as Example) 1. Hardware Installation Process ① Wet Pad Installation (Side or Gable Wall) Positioning requirements: 1.8-2 meters above ground (avoid animal contact), 10cm waterproof base at bottom, secured with aluminum frame. Seal gaps between pad and wall with sealant (leaks reduce efficiency by 10-20%). Water system connection: Water pump (head ≥3m) connected via PVC pipe to top inlet; install Y-filter (prevents clogging), return pipe to collection pool (regular water changes prevent algae). ② Fan Installation (Opposite Wall from Wet Pad) Mounting method: Fan fixed to wall with angle steel brackets, rubber pads for vibration damping (noise ≤75dB, prevents animal stress). Outlet with protective mesh (prevents debris ingress), rain cover for outdoor installation. Airflow matching: Total fan airflow = Wet pad area (㎡) × Air velocity (2-3m/s); e.g., 10㎡ pad requires 72,000-108,000m³/h fan. ③ Electrical and Control System Installation Electrical requirements: Dedicated circuit with overload protector (current ≥1.2× rated current), wires in galvanized conduit (prevents ammonia corrosion). Install temperature sensor (1.5m high, away from airflow) linked to controller (auto start/stop at set temperature). 2. Special Considerations for Poultry House Cooler Installation Dust prevention: Medium-efficiency filter (≥80% efficiency) at inlet, cleaned every 2 weeks (high dust reduces airflow by 30%). Prevent pad dripping: Top drip tray and bottom collection pan (5% slope) prevent water contact with birds or feed (avoids mold). IV. Industrial Cooler (AC-style) Installation Points (Enclosed Facilities) 1. Indoor and Outdoor Unit Layout Indoor unit: Ceiling-mounted, outlet 2.5-3m high, avoid direct airflow, return vent with air filter. Outdoor unit: Installed on shaded exterior wall, copper pipe ≤15m long (longer reduces efficiency), insulated to prevent condensation. 2. Condensate Management PVC drain pipe to exterior ditch (≥3% slope), prevent bacterial growth (weekly bleach flush for poultry houses). V. Post-installation Debugging and Validation 1. Operational Testing Cooling efficiency: After 30 minutes, measure temperatures at multiple points (e.g., corners, center); difference ≤2°C, overall cooling meets target (pig houses 26-28°C summer, poultry 24-26°C). Humidity control: Wet pad systems maintain humidity ≤75% (use exhaust fans if exceeded), industrial units can dehumidify to 60-65%. 2. Safety Checks No abnormal vibration (level check ≤1° deviation), secure electrical terminals, ground resistance ≤4Ω (prevents electric shock). VI. Installation Optimization Strategies for Different Growth Stages Farming Scenario | Adjustment Points | Purpose Nursery pig houses | Add deflector at outlet (45° angle) | Prevent direct airflow causing diarrhea Broiler brooding (1-7 days) | Sync cooler with heater (heat first, then cool) | Prevent stress from sudden temperature changes Sow farrowing houses | Raise installation height to 2.2m | Avoid equipment contact when sows stand VII. Common Installation Errors and Solutions Error 1: Excessive distance between wet pad and fan (>15m) → Increased resistance, reduced cooling. Solution: Maintain ≤10m distance or add ducting (cross-section ≥0.5㎡). Error 2: Downward airflow directly on poultry → Localized chilling, respiratory issues. Solution: Add louver (15° upward angle) or deflector (airflow 1.5-2m/s). Summary Evaporative cooler installation in farms must prioritize efficient cooling, animal safety, durability, and energy efficiency. Adapt details to environmental differences (humidity, dust, density) in pig and poultry houses, focusing on symmetrical layout, even airflow, and protective measures. Post-installation, optimize parameters based on data (e.g., runtime adjusted for age, like noon-only for piglets), balancing cooling and energy use.